Lithium Plating yog dab tsi?

Lithium plating yog qhov tso tawm ntawm cov hlau lithium rau ntawm qhov chaw anode ntawm lithium- ion roj teeb thaum lub sij hawm them nyiaj es tsis txhob sib cuam tshuam rau hauv cov qauv graphite. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub peev xwm electrochemical ntawm lub anode poob rau lossis qis dua ntawm cov hlau lithium, ua rau lithium ions los ua cov txheej hlau tsis yog ntxig ntawm graphite txheej uas lawv koom.

Thaum lub sij hawm them nyiaj ib txwm, lithium ions taug kev los ntawm cathode mus rau anode thiab intercalate - ntxig lawv tus kheej ntawm cov atomic txheej ntawm graphite. Xav txog nws zoo li cov neeg caij tsheb caij dav hlau, sau cov rooj zaum kom zoo. Cov graphite anode, feem ntau siv hauv lithium- ion roj teeb suav nrog48v ebike lithium roj teebsystems, muaj cov txheej txheem txheej uas tuaj yeem haum cov ions hauv nws qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv.

Lithium plating tshwm sim thaum cov txheej txheem intercalation ua tsis tiav. Es tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv cov qauv graphite, lithium ions sib sau ua ke ntawm cov anode sab nrauv thiab txo mus rau cov hlau lithium. Lub peev xwm anode yuav sib npaug los yog qis dua qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov hlau lithium-tseem ceeb nyob ib puag ncig 0V piv rau lithium hlau- ua rau qhov tsis xav tau deposition.

Cov graphite siv nyob rau hauv feem ntau lithium - ion roj teeb muaj ib qho hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm ze rau cov hlau lithium thaum saturated nrog lithium ions. Qhov sib thooj no ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo. Thaum intercalation tsis tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm nrog cov ion flux tuaj, cov ions tsis muaj kev xaiv tab sis tso nyiaj ua hlau rau ntawm qhov chaw.

Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Purdue University piav qhia nws lithium ions accumulating ntawm lub anode nto thiab tsim hlau deposits uas txwv tsis pub thauj cov ions ntxiv. Thaum cov ntaub ntawv hlau thaiv no tsim, nws tiv thaiv cov roj teeb kom zoo los ntawm kev thaiv txoj hauv kev lithium ions xav tau txav mus los ntawm kev them nyiaj thiab tawm.

lithium plating

Peb qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tsim cov xwm txheej rau lithium plating, txhua qhov cuam tshuam nrog tus nqi ntawm lithium ions tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau hauv graphite anode.

Fast Charging ntawm High Tam sim no tus nqi

Kev them nyiaj sai sai thawb lithium ions mus rau lub anode ntawm tus nqi nrawm dua li lawv tuaj yeem sib cuam tshuam. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias ntawm 2C them tus nqi thiab siab dua, lithium plating yuav ua tau ntau dua. Cov txheej txheem intercalation muaj qhov ceev tshaj plaws - yog tias koj tshaj nws los ntawm kev siv cov tam sim no siab, lithium ions queue rau saum npoo tos nkag. Qhov thaub qab no ua rau lub anode nto mus txog 100% lub xeev ntawm tus nqi hauv zos txawm tias tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm tes tsis puv, poob qis dua qhov tseem ceeb.

Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm 2024 pom tias cov hlwb raug them ntawm 4C tau ntsib qhov muaj peev xwm ploj mus, nrog rau kev thauj khoom hnyav hnyav dua qhov teeb meem. Ntawm cov nqi no, cov ion influx overwhelms graphite lub peev xwm txais lawv, zoo ib yam li sim funnel ntau tus neeg los ntawm lub qhov rooj nqaim.

Tsawg Kub Them Nqi

Cov xwm txheej txias ua rau cov khoom sib txawv ntawm - xeev diffusion ntawm lithium ions nyob rau hauv graphite hais loj heev. Thaum kub qis dua 10 degree, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qis dua 0 degree, lub kinetics ntawm intercalation ua qeeb vim txo ionic mobility. Txawm tias cov hluav taws xob me me tuaj yeem ua rau plating thaum nws txias txaus.

Cov tswv tsheb hluav taws xob hauv cov huab cua txias pom qhov no ua ntej. Roj teeb tswj tshuab txwv kev them nqi ceev hauv lub caij ntuj no kom tsis txhob plating. Qhov zoo tagnrho them kub yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 10℃thiab 30℃rau feem ntau lithium- ion roj teeb. Hauv qab 5 degree, qhov kev pheej hmoo nce nrawm heev.

Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb 2018 tau pom tias lithium plating tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm 3.5C them ntawm 0 degree, txheeb xyuas los ntawm tus yam ntxwv voltage toj siab thaum so tom qab them nyiaj. Hauv qhov sib piv, tib lub hlwb pom tsis muaj plating ntawm chav tsev kub.

Kev them nyiaj yug Anode

Yog hais tias ntau lithium raug yuam mus rau hauv lub anode tshaj nws lub peev xwm tso cai, plating tshwm sim inevitably. Cov tuam txhab roj teeb feem ntau loj dua qhov anode txheeb ze rau cathode tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv qhov xwm txheej no. Thaum tsim kom zoo, lub anode yuav tsum tsis txhob ncav cuag qhov tseeb 100% muaj peev xwm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim khoom tsis raug, kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cov pob roj teeb, lossis kev ua haujlwm hnyav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov kev tiv thaiv no.

Cov txheej txheem piav qhia yog nyob rau ntawm overpotentials -voltage sib txawv uas tsav electrochemical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshaj lawv lub xeev equilibrium. Thaum lub sij hawm them nyiaj, ntau qhov kev tawm tsam tsim muaj ntau tshaj: lithium ion thauj los ntawm electrolyte, txav los ntawm cov khoom -electrolyte interphase (SEI) txheej txheej txheej anode, thiab thaum kawg diffusion rau hauv cov qauv graphite.

Thaum cov sum ntawm cov overpotentials tshaj qhov sib txawv me me voltage ntawm lithiated graphite (~ 0.1V vs. Li / Li⁺) thiab nws yog xim hlau lithium (0V), lub anode muaj peev xwm hla mus rau hauv qhov chaw tsis zoo piv rau lithium hlau. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, qhov kev nyiam thermodynamic hloov pauv. Txo lithium ions mus rau cov hlau lithium ua rau muaj zog txaus siab piv rau intercalation.

Qhov sib txawv tsuas yog hais txog 100-200 millivolts nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo tagnrho. Thawb lub kaw lus nrog tam sim no siab lossis qeeb nws nrog qhov txias txias, thiab cov overpotentials yooj yim txuas cov npoo me me. Tsis ntev los no qauv ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 2025 tau tsim analytical qhia hais txog plating pib lub sij hawm rau kev khiav hauj lwm tej yam kev mob thiab cov khoom siv, pab kwv yees thaum plating yuav pib nyob rau hauv ntau yam scenarios.

Tsis yog- cov khaub ncaws hnav ua rau muaj teeb meem loj dua. Yog hais tias cov electrolyte faib thoob plaws lub electrode tsis sib npaug -tej zaum vim los ntawm kev sib dhos siab los yog ntim tsis xws luag -qee qhov chaw ntawm lub anode tau txais electrolyte tsis txaus. Cov cheeb tsam no muaj kev ceev dua hauv zos tam sim no thiab ceev hauv xeev hauv zos- ntawm - tus nqi nce, ua rau lub zos plating txawm tias tag nrho cov xwm txheej zoo li muaj kev nyab xeeb.

Tsis yog tag nrho cov plated lithium ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj mus tas li. Cov hlau lithium uas tso rau thaum them nyiaj tuaj yeem siv ob txoj hauv kev.

Reversible Plating

Qee cov plated lithium strips rov qab tawm thaum tawm los yog maj mam intercalates rau hauv graphite tom qab them tam sim no nres. Qhov no "reversible" plating tsis tam sim ntawd txo lub roj teeb lub peev xwm siv tau. Kev tshawb fawb siv neutron diffraction pom tias txog li 70% ntawm plated lithium hauv cov qauv electrolytes tawm thaum tawm hauv qee yam mob.

Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm fluoroethylene carbonate rau electrolytes tau pom tias yuav txhim kho qhov kev thim rov qab no. Thaum lub sij hawm so tom qab them ceev ceev, nws yog xim hlau lithium tuaj yeem maj mam hnov mob nrog cov graphite, intercalating nruab nrab ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg nyob rau hauv ib tug ncua sij hawm them nqi.

Irreversible Plating thiab Tuag Lithium

Qhov teeb meem feem ntau yog irreversible plating. Ntau lub tshuab xauv lithium mus tas li tawm ntawm kev ncig. Plated lithium reacts nrog cov electrolyte, noj ob qho tib si lithium thiab electrolyte nyob rau hauv parasitic tshua. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ua rau regrowth ntawm SEI txheej, uas siv ntau lithium thiab electrolyte.

Tseem ceeb tshaj, cov mossy, dendritic qauv ntawm plated lithium yog mechanically unstable. Thaum tso tawm, qhov saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm lithium dendrites tuaj yeem tawg, poob hluav taws xob tiv tauj nrog lub anode. Thaum cais tawm, cov ntawv SEI tshiab nyob ib ncig ntawm cov khoom tawg. Txij li thaum SEI yog hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, lithium no dhau los ua "tuag" -tsis muaj nyob mus ib txhis rau kev them nqi ntxiv- tawm mus.

Txhua lub voj voog them nrog plating nce zuj zus txo cov khoom siv lithium. Lub roj teeb lub peev xwm ploj mus vim tias tsuas yog tsawg dua lithium muaj rau shuttle ntawm electrodes. High precision coulometry tuaj yeem kuaj pom qhov no los ntawm kev txo qis hauv coulombic efficiency - qhov piv ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm tawm mus rau lub peev xwm.

lithium plating

Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, plated lithium tsis nyob twj ywm li txheej txheej. Nws loj hlob mus rau hauv cov qauv dendritic- tsob ntoo-zoo li kev tsim nrog ntse, koob- zoo li cov ceg txuas los ntawm qhov chaw anode.

Cov dendrites no ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj. Lawv tuaj yeem tho qhov nyias nyias nyias nyias ntawm cov anode thiab cathode, tsim kom muaj ib qho luv luv Circuit Court. Lub voj voog luv ua rau nws tus kheej sai sai - tawm ntawm lub xovtooj ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, tso tawm lub zog raws li cua sov. Hauv qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj - qhov xwm txheej, qhov no ua rau cov cua sov khiav tawm - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tsim hluav taws xob nrawm nrawm, uas yuav ua rau hluav taws kub.

Qhov kev pheej hmoo nce ntxiv nrog kev rov plating. Txhua lub voj voog ceev ceev -them nqi hauv cov xwm txheej tsis zoo ntxiv cov roj lithium ntxiv, thiab dendrites ntev dua. Qhov no yog vim li cas kev tswj hwm roj teeb hauv cov tsheb hluav taws xob muaj kev saib xyuas txog kev them nyiaj raws tu qauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv huab cua txias lossis ntawm lub zog siab.

Cov roj ntsha lithium kuj tseem muaj zog heev nrog electrolytes thiab ya raws, ntxiv rau qhov kev pheej hmoo hluav taws kub yog tias lub xov tooj ntawm tes puas thiab cov ntsiab lus raug.

Kev kuaj xyuas lithium plating nthuav tawm ib qho kev sib tw vim tias qhib lub roj teeb tsuas yog ib qho snapshot, thiab cov nyiaj ntawm cov lithium hlau hloov tas li. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ntau yam uas tsis yog -kev tshawb nrhiav kev puas tsuaj, nrog rau qhov sib txawv thiab qhov tseeb.

Voltage Relaxation Analysis

Txoj kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tswj hwm roj teeb saib xyuas qhov hluav taws xob tom qab them nyiaj nres. Thaum plating tau tshwm sim, nws yog xim hlau lithium strips tawm ntawm lub anode thaum so, tsim kom muaj tus yam ntxwv voltage toj siab. Qhov no tshwm sim raws li ib cheeb tsam tiaj tus nyob rau hauv lub voltage nkhaus los yog lub ncov nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm derivative ntawm voltage.

Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2024 tau ua tiav ntau dua 97% kev tshawb pom qhov tseeb uas siv cov yam ntxwv muab rho tawm los ntawm cov hluav taws xob so kom txaus, ua ke nrog kev kawm tshuab algorithms. Txoj kev ua haujlwm vim tias stripping metallic lithium tswj qhov hluav taws xob nyob ze lithium hlau muaj peev xwm kom txog thaum cov txheej plated tau noj, tom qab ntawd qhov hluav taws xob poob qis dua.

Qhov kev sib tw yog rhiab heev. Voltage so feem ntau yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 1% ntawm tag nrho lub peev xwm los plated ua ntej lub teeb liab pom tseeb txaus rau kev tshawb nrhiav kom ntseeg tau. Rau kev cuam tshuam thaum ntxov, qhov kev txwv no tseem ceeb.

Differential Voltage Analysis (DVA) thiab Incremental Capacity Analysis (ICA)

DVA tshuaj xyuas dV/dQ nkhaus-vim li cas voltage hloov nrog lub peev xwm thaum tawm. Ib qho ncov ntxiv tshwm nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam kev hloov pauv ntawm lithium hlau stripping thiab graphite de -intercalation thaum plating tau tshwm sim. ICA siv dQ / dV nkhaus thiab tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem plating thaum them nyiaj.

Ob txoj kev muab ib nrab- cov ntaub ntawv ntau txog cov nyiaj plating. Kev tshawb fawb hauv 2024 tau pom tias DVA qhia ncaj qha tshaj tawm qhov muaj peev xwm tawm ntawm cov hlau lithium los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub plating ncov, thaum ICA lub peev xwm siab tshaj plaws yuav siab dua li qhov tseeb stripped lithium, qhia qee qhov kev poob qis.

Differential Siab Sensing

Ib txoj hauv kev tshiab tshaj tawm hauv Nature Communications siv lub ntsuas ntsuas siab los kuaj xyuas cov plating hauv tiag -lub sijhawm thaum them nyiaj. Lithium plating ua rau ntau qhov tuab thiab siab nce ntau dua li ib txwm intercalation -muaj peev xwm ntau dua 7 npaug rau tib lub peev xwm.

Los ntawm kev saib xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov siab nrog rau kev muaj peev xwm (dP / dQ), lub kaw lus tuaj yeem tshawb pom thaum tus nqi no tshaj qhov pib tsim thaum lub sijhawm them tus nqi qis. Txoj kev no tuaj yeem ntes plating ua ntej qhov kev loj hlob dav dav tshwm sim thiab tsuas yog yuav tsum muaj lub xov tooj ntawm tes xwb, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev sib xyaw roj teeb.

Impedance-Txoj Kev Raws li

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) thiab kev faib tawm ntawm lub sijhawm so (DRT) tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov kev hloov pauv hauv kev them nqi thaum plating tshwm sim. Plating hloov lub xeev ntawm tus nqi faib thiab tsim cov txheej txheem hloov pauv tshiab ntawm plated lithium interface.

Cov txheej txheem no yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo heev rau kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj tab sis xav tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab kev txawj ntse, txwv tsis pub lawv siv hauv kev lag luam roj teeb tswj kev lag luam.

Cov txheej txheem tshiab

Ultrasonic spectroscopy qhia tau hais tias cog lus rau kev kuaj xyuas ntxov-theem plating los ntawm kev taug qab cov kev hloov pauv hauv acoustic yoj propagation los ntawm cov roj teeb. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb 2025 tau tshaj tawm tias muaj kev nkag siab zoo hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov plating nrog kev cuam tshuam tsawg heev los ntawm lub xeev - ntawm - cov nqi sib txawv.

Fluorescence sojntsuam siv kev sib sau ua ke-vim cov emissions molecules tuaj yeem pom cov plated lithium. Thaum 4'-hydroxychalcone tiv tauj plated lithium, nws tsim cov fluorescence daj daj nyob rau hauv vib nas this, tso cai rau ib nrab-kev soj ntsuam ntau ntawm cov nyiaj plating thiab kev faib tawm.

lithium plating

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lithium plating txuas dhau qhov kev poob peev tam sim ntawd cuam tshuam rau ntau yam ntawm cov roj teeb kev ua haujlwm.

Peev Xwm Fade

Txhua qhov piv txwv ntawm plating tshem tawm lithium los ntawm cov khoom lag luam nquag los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tuaj yeem thiab tuag lithium tsim. Txawm hais tias 70% strips rov qab, qhov seem 30% sawv cev rau qhov tsis muaj peev xwm mus tas li. Nrog rov plating thaum lub sij hawm them ceev ceev, qhov no accumulates sai heev.

Kev sim cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias cov hlwb uas muaj lithium plating tuaj yeem poob 20-30% ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm hauv 50-100 cycles, piv rau qhov kev puas tsuaj tsawg tsawg hauv kev them nyiaj ib txwm. Tus nqi ntawm ploj yog nyob ntawm plating qhov hnyav-ntau npaum li cas lithium deposits ib lub voj voog.

Lub zog muaj peev xwm degradation

Plated lithium thiab cov thicker SEI khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg nce nyob rau hauv kuj. Kev ua haujlwm siab dua txhais tau tias ntau qhov kev poob qis hauv kev thauj khoom, txo lub zog lub roj teeb tuaj yeem xa tuaj. Qhov no tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau tus nqi tso tawm siab, xws li acceleration hauv hluav taws xob tsheb.

Cov txheej hlau kuj tseem thaiv qee qhov ntawm qhov chaw anode, txo qhov chaw ua haujlwm muaj rau kev them nqi. Qhov no ua rau cov chaw ua haujlwm tseem tshuav kom muaj qhov nrawm dua tam sim no, ua kom lub zog degradation hauv lub voj voog tsis zoo.

Electrolyte Depletion

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm plated lithium thiab electrolyte siv electrolyte ntim. Txij li thaum electrolyte txhawb nqa ion thauj, nws depletion nce tsis kam thoob plaws hauv lub cell. Cov electrolyte tsis txaus tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov txwv tsis pub muaj roj teeb lub neej, txawm tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem muaj peev xwm.

Kev tiv thaiv lithium plating yuav tsum muaj ntau yam -kev sib tham txog kev hais txog cov ntaub ntawv, tsim ntawm tes, thiab cov txheej txheem them nqi.

Optimized Charging Protocols

Smart charging algorithms saib xyuas cov xwm txheej ntawm tes thiab kho tam sim no dynamically kom nyob qis dua qhov pib plating. Qee lub tshuab kwv yees anode muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv tiag -lub sij hawm siv neural tes hauj lwm uas tau kawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kev sim dav, nrog qhia qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv 2 millivolts.

Thaum kwv yees anode muaj peev xwm mus txog 0V piv rau lithium, qhov them tam sim no txo qis. Ib qho kev siv tau pom tias cov roj teeb uas siv qhov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem raug them ob zaug ntau zaus ua ntej degradation piv rau tus qauv tas li - them tam sim no.

Ua ntej- cov roj teeb cua sov ua ntej them rau hauv cov xwm txheej txias yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsheb fais fab, txawm hais tias nws ntxiv sijhawm thiab siv zog. Qee cov txheej txheem siab heev siv cov cua sov sab hauv uas tuaj yeem ua kom sov lub xovtooj ntawm sab hauv hauv qab 30 vib nas this, ua kom them sai sai txawm tias ntawm -20℃yam tsis muaj plating.

Kev txhim kho cov khoom siv anode

Cov txheej txheej saum npoo ntawm cov graphite tuaj yeem txhim kho lithium{0}}ion thauj thiab intercalation kinetics. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li titanium dioxide (TiO₂), aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃), thiab titanium-niobium oxide (TiNb₂O₇) tau pom cov txiaj ntsig hauv xyoo 2024 kev tshawb fawb.

Cov txheej txheem no ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab ion thauj khoom, txo qis hauv zos overpotentials uas yuav ua rau plating. Qee tus tsim lithium-phosphide- raws li crystalline SEI txheej uas pab txhawb kom muaj peev xwm them tau sai dua.

Thinner electrodes txo qhov diffusion nrug lithium ions yuav tsum taug kev hauv cov khoom, txo cov concentration overpotentials. Kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias txo cov electrode thickness ntawm 100μm mus rau 50μm ho txhim kho ceev ceev -them them nyiaj, txawm hais tias ntawm tus nqi txo lub zog ceev ib ntim.

Electrolyte Engineering

Localized high -concentration electrolytes (LHCE) tau pom tau tias muaj kev txhim kho zoo kawg nkaus hauv plating reversibility thiab morphology tswj. Cov txheej txheem no tsim cov kev daws teeb meem hnyav nyob ib puag ncig lithium ions ntawm lub electrode interface thaum siv tsawg dua - daws cov diluents hauv cov electrolyte ntau.

Qhov tshwm sim yog LiF-nplua nuj khoom-electrolyte interphase uas ua kom muaj zog coulombic ntau dua (99.9%) thiab lithium plating reversibility (99.95%). Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2024 qhia txog cov electrolytes no tswj kev ua haujlwm txawm tias nyob ntawm -30 degree, hais txog kev sib tw huab cua txias.

Ntxiv fluoroethylene carbonate lossis lwm cov yeeb yaj kiab- tsim cov khoom ntxiv ntxiv dag zog rau SEI txheej, ua rau nws tiv taus kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov ntim hloov pauv thaum plating thiab stripping. Qhov no txo cov kab mob parasitic thiab txhim kho cov feem ntawm plated lithium uas thim rov qab.

Cell Manufacturing Quality

Ua kom lub siab tsis sib xws, kev ua kom zoo electrode, thiab cov khoom siv electrolyte zoo ib yam thaum tsim khoom tiv thaiv cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog hauv zos qhov twg plating nyiam tshwm sim. Tsis yog-cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis sib xws tuaj yeem ua rau lub nplhaib- zoo li cov qauv plating, nrog rau kev tso tawm hauv electrolyte- nplua nuj zones.

Tsim nyog anode-rau-cathode muaj peev xwm piv (N/P piv) muab cov npoo kev nyab xeeb. Oversizing lub anode los ntawm 10-20% piv rau cathode muaj peev xwm ua kom lub anode ua haujlwm zoo hauv qab nws qhov siab tshaj plaws lithiation theem txawm tias thaum muaj kev txhoj puab heev.

Ib nrab. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm plated lithium tuaj yeem strip rov qab thaum tawm los yog maj mam intercalate rau hauv anode tom qab them nyiaj nres, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov qauv electrolytes kom zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qee feem ib txwm ua tsis tau rov qab los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog electrolyte lossis lub cev cais tawm ntawm electrode. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias 60-70% thim rov qab rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo, lub ntsiab lus 30-40% ua rau poob peev xwm mus tas li.

Qhov no nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tsim ntawm tes, tab sis plating kev pheej hmoo nce siab tshaj 1-1.5C ntawm chav tsev kub rau cov pa cell. Ntawm 0 degree, txawm tias 0.5C tuaj yeem ua rau plating. Niaj hnub nimno hlwb nrog optimized anodes thiab electrolytes muaj peev xwm qee zaum kov 2-3C ntawm chav tsev kub yam xyuam xim. Kev tswj cov roj teeb feem ntau txwv kev them nyiaj rau 0.5-1C hauv qab 10℃raws li kev ceev faj.

Yog tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, nws nyuaj rau kev kuaj xyuas ncaj qha. Cov paib muaj xws li lub peev xwm tsis zoo ploj tom qab them nyiaj sai lossis txias - siv huab cua, ntev dua li qub voltage "lub sijhawm" tom qab them nyiaj tiav, lossis txo qis zog. Yog tias koj lub cuab yeej siv qhov hluav taws xob- kev soj ntsuam kev so, nws tuaj yeem chij cov txheej xwm plating. Kev soj ntsuam kev tshaj lij siv impedance spectroscopy lossis kev ntsuas qhov sib txawv voltage muab cov lus teb meej.

Plating nruab nrab feem ntau ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo es tsis yog teeb meem kev nyab xeeb tam sim. Kev phom sij nce ntxiv nrog hnyav, rov ua dua plating uas ua rau dendrites muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau qhov sib cais. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tswj hwm tau tsim los tiv thaiv plating kom tsis txhob ncav cuag qhov txaus ntshai, tab sis kev ua haujlwm sab nraud cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb-zoo li pheej yig dua- them rau qhov txias txias- ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dhau sijhawm.

Qhov tseeb ntawm lithium plating qhia txog qhov ua kom zoo sib npaug uas yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej siv roj teeb niaj hnub no. Thawb them ceev heev, thiab koj lub roj teeb puas. Ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw txias yam tsis muaj kev ceev faj kom raug, thiab plating tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev thov kom them sai dua thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tseem nce ntxiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tsheb fais fab.

Kev nce qib tsis ntev los no hauv txoj kev tshawb pom, kev them nyiaj ntse dua algorithms, thiab cov ntaub ntawv txhim kho tau ua rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg siv xav tau thiab cov roj teeb dab tsi tuaj yeem xa khoom nyab xeeb. Tiag - lub sij hawm plating nrhiav tau ua tiav 99% qhov tseeb, ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem them nqi hloov pauv, txhais tau tias tam sim no cov roj teeb tuaj yeem ncav cuag lawv cov kev txwv lub cev ntau dua yam tsis hla mus rau thaj chaw txaus ntshai.

Rau ib tus neeg ua haujlwm nrog lithium- roj teeb ion- txawm nyob hauv ebikes, smartphones, lossis tsheb fais fab - nkag siab txog lithium plating muab kev nkag siab vim li cas cov roj teeb coj li lawv ua. Cov kev txwv tsis pub muaj hluav taws xob, kev txwv kev them nqi ceev, thiab kev ceeb toom kub muaj nyob rau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tiv thaiv cov khoom lithium uas txiav txim siab ntev npaum li cas koj lub roj teeb yuav pab koj.