Dab tsi yog cov qauv kev sim thiab cov txheej txheem rau cov roj teeb fais fab?
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj xws li muaj peev xwm, qhov hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv sab hauv, tus kheej - paug, kev ua tau zoo, kev ua haujlwm siab thiab tsis tshua muaj kub, thiab lwm yam. Raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv nruab nrab, cov roj teeb hluav taws xob kuj suav nrog kev them nqi thiab kev ua haujlwm tawm, kev ua haujlwm hauv lub voj voog, lub zog sab hauv, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev sim cov ntsiab lus rau ib lub hwj chim roj teeb ntawm tes muaj xws li: tus nqi thiab kev tso tawm kev ua tau zoo, kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub thiab kev ua haujlwm siab. Kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo, lub zog thiab kev ntsuas lub zog tshwj xeeb, kev ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab lub zog tshwj xeeb, kev ua haujlwm cia thiab tus kheej - kev kuaj tawm, kev sim lub neej, kev ntsuas kev tiv thaiv sab hauv, kev sim siab sab hauv, thiab kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb, thiab lwm yam.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm daim ntawv thov lub tsheb tiag tiag, cov kev ntsuam xyuas tsim nyog rau kev siv tsheb yog ua nrog lub hwj chim roj teeb pob siv rau lub tsheb hluav taws xob raws li cov khoom siv kuaj, xws li: kev kuaj pom muaj peev xwm zoo li qub, kev kuaj pom muaj peev xwm tsis zoo, kev sim ntsuas tsis zoo, pib ntsuas hluav taws xob, ntsuas lub peev xwm ceev ceev, ntsuas kev ntsuas lub neej, ntsuas kev nyab xeeb, kuaj lub roj teeb vibration, kuaj xyuas lub zog siab tshaj plaws, kuaj pom ib nrab ntawm cov hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam.
(1) Static Capacity Detection Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev sim no yog los txiav txim siab tias lub hwj chim roj teeb pob muaj cov nqi txaus thiab lub zog thaum lub tsheb siv tiag tiag, thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ib txwm nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev tso tawm thiab qhov kub thiab txias. Txoj kev ntsuas tseem ceeb yog kev ntsuas qis qis hauv qhov ntsuas kub tsis tu ncua, thiab qhov tso tawm raug txiav tawm thaum qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub hwj chim roj teeb pob poob mus rau ib qho nqi lossis qhov sib xws ntawm ib lub hlwb nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim roj teeb pob (voltage txawv) ncav cuag tus nqi.
(2) Dynamic Capacity DetectionThaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob, qhov kev khiav hauj lwm kub thiab qhov tso tawm ntawm lub hwj chim roj teeb yog dynamic. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no feem ntau kuaj pom lub peev xwm ntawm lub hwj chim roj teeb pob nyob rau hauv dynamic discharge tej yam kev mob, uas yog feem ntau xav txog nyob rau hauv lub zog thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm txawv kub thiab paug tus nqi. Txoj kev ntsuas tseem ceeb yog ua qhov kev ntsuas tawm ntawm lub hwj chim roj teeb pob uas siv cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no tau txiav txim siab lossis qhov profile tam sim no tau sau los ntawm lub tsheb daim ntawv thov. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov kev xeem yog kho raws li qhov kev xeem thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub hwj chim roj teeb, tab sis yeej ua raws li tus qauv ntawm qhov voltage poob mus rau ib qho nqi. Txoj kev no tuaj yeem ua tau ncaj qha thiab raug cuam tshuam txog cov kev xav tau ntawm cov tsheb fais fab.
(3) Quiescent TestLub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev sim no yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas lub peev xwm poob ntawm lub roj teeb lub zog thaum nws tsis siv rau lub sijhawm, uas yog siv los simulate qhov xwm txheej uas lub tsheb hluav taws xob tsis tau tsav rau lub sijhawm thiab lub roj teeb tau qhib -circuit. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas quiescent tseem hu ua tus kheej - tso tawm thiab kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm cia, uas yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm lub roj teeb los tswj nws cov nqi khaws cia nyob rau hauv qee qhov chaw ib puag ncig thaum nws qhib - Circuit Court.
(4) Pib Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob Txij li thaum pib lub zog ntawm lub tsheb loj heev, txhawm rau hloov kho lub tsheb pib nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, kev ntsuas hluav taws xob pib ua rau lub hwj chim roj teeb ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ($ −18 \\ text{℃}$) thiab kub siab ($ 50 \\ text{℃}$). Qhov kev sim no, ntxiv rau qhov ntsuas ntawm chav tsev kub, feem ntau kuj tau teeb tsa nrog tus nqi SOC txhawm rau txiav txim siab lub peev xwm tawm ntawm lub roj teeb ntawm lub xeev sib txawv. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas feem ntau yog cov kev xeem fais fab ntawm $90%$, $50%$, thiab $20%$ SOC.
(5) Kev Ntsuas Cov Peev Xwm CeevLub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no yog txhawm rau kuaj lub peev xwm them sai sai ntawm lub roj teeb los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab - cov nqi them nqi ntawm cov roj teeb lub zog, thiab tshuaj xyuas nws cov txiaj ntsig, tsim hluav taws xob, thiab cuam tshuam rau lwm yam khoom. Rau kev them nyiaj sai, USABC tus qauv tsom rau lub roj teeb SOC kom rov qab los ntawm $40\\%$ mus rau $80\\%$ hauv $15\\text{min}$. Tam sim no, tus qauv tsim los ntawm Nyiv lub koom haum CHAdeMO xav kom them lub tsheb fais fab fais fab roj teeb rau li $10\\text{min}$ tuaj yeem lav lub tsheb mus txog $50\\text{km}$; them nyiaj ntau dua $30\\text{min}$ tuaj yeem lav lub tsheb mus $100\\text{km}$.
(6) Cycle Life TestLub voj voog lub neej ntawm lub roj teeb ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam ntawm kev siv roj teeb. Thaum lub peev xwm tiag tiag ntawm lub roj teeb qis dua $ 80% $ ntawm qhov pib muaj peev xwm lossis lub peev xwm ntsuas, lub zog roj teeb tau suav tias tau mus txog qhov kawg ntawm nws lub neej. Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb uas siv hauv qhov kev sim no yog ua kom them nqi thiab tawm mus raws li qee qhov xwm txheej, siv tus lej ntawm lub voj voog raws li qhov ntsuas ntawm nws lub neej. Txij li thaum lub sij hawm xeem rau lub hwj chim roj teeb lub neej yog ntev, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas feem ntau kav rau ob peb lub hlis los yog txawm ib xyoo. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ua hauj lwm, txoj kev ntawm kev txiav txim siab tus naj npawb ntawm kev xeem cycles, ntsuas lub peev xwm degradation, thiab ces ua linear extrapolation raws li cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau yog siv rau kev ntsuam xyuas. Hauv kev tshawb fawb, txhawm rau kom txo lub zog roj teeb lub neej sim lub sijhawm, cov kev tshawb fawb tseem tab tom ua rau kev ua kom lub roj teeb nrawm nrawm los ntawm kev nce qhov ntsuas kub thiab nqi them / tso tawm los ntsuas lub neej ntawm cov roj teeb hluav taws xob thiab cov roj teeb hluav taws xob.
(7) Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Nyab XeebRoj teeb kev nyab xeeb kev ua tau zoo yog hais txog kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam rau tib neeg thiab cov khoom siv uas yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev khaws cia thiab siv cov roj teeb cia. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub roj teeb raug tsim txom, cov tswv yim tshwj xeeb ntawm lub zog ua rau cov khoom siv sab hauv ntawm lub roj teeb ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam lub cev lossis tshuaj lom neeg uas ua rau muaj cua sov ntau. Yog tias cov cua sov tsis tuaj yeem ploj mus rau lub sijhawm, nws yuav ua rau lub roj teeb thermal khiav tawm. Thermal runaway tuaj yeem ua rau lub roj teeb bulge, tsim cov roj hluav taws xob, tawg, tawg, thiab nrog hluav taws, ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb. Ntawm ntau qhov chaw siv tshuaj lom neeg, kev nyab xeeb ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom siv kuaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov roj teeb hluav taws xob muaj nyob hauv Table 6-1.
Table 6-1 Cov khoom kuaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov roj teeb fais fab
| Qeb | Txoj Kev Xeem Xeem |
| Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob | Overcharge, tshaj- tawm, sab nraud luv luv, tawm kub, thiab lwm yam. |
| Mechanical Test | Dawb lub caij nplooj zeeg, cuam tshuam, extrusion, vibration, extrusion, thiab lwm yam. |
| Kev Ntsuas Kub | Kub kub, thermal imaging, thermal shock, kub hloov, thiab lwm yam. |
| Environmental Test | Nqus simulation, immersion, humidity, thiab lwm yam. |
(8) Roj teeb Vibration TestLub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev vibrations thiab shocks uas tshwm sim los ntawm txoj kev ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab lub neej ntawm cov roj teeb fais fab thiab cov roj teeb fais fab. Lub roj teeb kev vibration feem ntau tshuaj xyuas qhov kev co durability ntawm lub hwj chim roj teeb (pob) thiab siv qhov no ua lub hauv paus los coj cov qauv tsim kev txhim kho ntawm lub hwj chim roj teeb (pob). Muaj ob hom kev co hauv kev vibration test: sinusoidal vibration los yog random vibration. Txij li thaum lub hwj chim roj teeb pob yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tsheb, random vibration feem ntau tau txais yuav zoo dua simulate lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm ntawm lub roj teeb.
Cov saum toj no tsuas yog qee qhov kev cai dav dav rau kev sim cov roj teeb hluav taws xob (pob khoom). Cov kev txwv tshwj xeeb thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm qhov kev xeem yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb hom roj teeb fais fab. Table 6-2 qhia txog kev nyab xeeb kev ua tau zoo thiab cov kev sim rau cov lithium-ion roj teeb pob thiab cov tshuab siv hauv tsheb fais fab.
Table 6-2 Kev Ua Haujlwm Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Ntsuas Cov Txheej Txheem rau Lithium-ion Roj Teeb Pob thiab Cov Txheej Txheem hauv Cov Tsheb Hluav Taws Xob
| Yam khoom | Qeb | Txoj Kev Xeem | Yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb |
| Kev Ntsuas Kev Nyab Xeeb (Table 6-1) | Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob | Overcharge, tshaj- tawm, sab nraud luv luv, tawm kub, thiab lwm yam. | N/A |
| Mechanical Test | Dawb lub caij nplooj zeeg, cuam tshuam, extrusion, vibration, extrusion, thiab lwm yam. | N/A | |
| Kev Ntsuas Kub | Kub kub, thermal imaging, thermal shock, kub hloov, thiab lwm yam. | N/A | |
| Environmental Test | Nqus simulation, immersion, humidity, thiab lwm yam. | N/A | |
| EV Li-ion Battery Safety (Table 6-2) | Kev vibration | 1. Test Object: Roj teeb pob lossis System. 1. Xa mus rau lub tsheb mounting yuav tsum thiab GB/T 2423.43-2008, nruab rau ntawm lub rooj vibration. Kuaj hauv 3 cov lus qhia ($Y \\to X\\to Z$). Cov txheej txheem hais txog GB/T 2423.56-2018. 2. Rau kev teeb tsa lub cev qis, ntsuas qhov ntsuas raws li 7.1.1.2 hauv GB/T 31467.3-2015. 3. Lub sijhawm xeem yog $2\\text{h}$ ib qho kev taw qhia (tuaj yeem txo mus rau $0.5\\text{h}$). $2\\text{h}$ kev soj ntsuam tau tso cai thaum lub sijhawm lossis tom qab $30\\text{min}$. 4. Saib xyuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov tsawg kawg nkaus (voltage, resistance, temp). 5. Saib $2\\text{h}$ thaum kuaj. 6.Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob:i. Pem hauv ntej-mounted: Test ib 7.1.1.2.1 hauv GB/T 31467.3-2015. Lwm qhov chaw: Test ib GB/T 28046.3-2011. $2\\text{h}$ sib txawv $Z$-axis cov lus qhia. Lateral khoom: excitation hom ua. ii. Ua haujlwm hauv $ 3.2 $ hom ib GB / T 28046.1-2011. | Lub roj teeb pob lossis lub kaw lus yuav tsum: Tsis muaj qhov hluav taws xob tawg hauv qhov ntsuas qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ($< 0.5\text{V}$), remain intact, structure sound, no leakage, no rupture, fire, or explosion. Insulation resistance $\ge 100\text{Ω}/\text{V}$ within $30\text{min}$ after test. Electronic devices: Reliable connection, structure sound, no disconnection. Post-test parameters meet Table 1 in GB/T 31467.3-2015. |
| Mechanical shock | 1. Test Object: Roj teeb pob lossis System. 2. Xa mus rau 7.2 Shock $25\\text{g}\\text{-}15\\text{ms}$ ib nrab-sine pulse hauv GB/T 31467.3-2015, $3$ shocks hauv $Y$-axis kev taw qhia, saib $2\\text{h}$. | Tsis muaj dej xau, sab nrauv rupture, hluav taws kub, los yog tawg. Rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam $\\ge 100\\text{Ω}/\\text{V}$. | |
| Tso | 1. Test Object: Roj teeb pob lossis System. 2. Tso los ntawm $1\\text{m}$ mus rau hauv av nyuaj nyob rau hauv feem ntau yuav poob kev taw qhia (tsis li ntawd feem ntau ruaj khov kev poob kev taw qhia, $X$-axis test), saib $2\\text{h}$. | Tsis muaj qhov tso tawm tam sim no kaw, qhov hluav taws xob surge los yog to, txheej casing rupture, hluav taws kub, los yog tawg. Rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam $\\ge 100\\text{Ω}/\\text{V}$ tom qab kuaj. | |
| Rollover | 1. Test Object: Roj teeb pob lossis System. 2. Xa mus rau 7.3.2 hauv GB/T 31467.3-2015: $90\\text{℃}$ qaij rau $6\\text{h}$, ces $90\\text{℃}$ increments, tuav $1\\text{h}$ 0$ txhua, nres. Saib $2\\text{h}${11}} Tig $360\\text{℃}$ ncig $X$-axis ntawm $6\\text{degree }/\\text{s}$, ces $90\\text{℃}$ increments, tuav $1\\text{h}$ txhua, $360\\text{degree }$ nres. Saib $2\\text{h}${20}} Tig $360\\text{℃}$ ncig $Y$-axis ntawm $6\\text{degree }/\\text{s}$, ces $90\\text{℃}$ increments, tuav $1\\text{h}$ txhua, $360\\text{℃}$ rotation. Saib $2\\text{h}$. | Tsis muaj dej xau, sab nrauv rupture, hluav taws kub, los yog tawg, tuav txhim khu kev qha kev twb kev txuas. Rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam $\\ge 100\\text{Ω}/\\text{V}$ tom qab kuaj. | |
| Maximum Gradient | 1. Test Object: Roj teeb pob lossis System. 2. Mounted kab rov tav ntawm lub trolley. Rov ua dua cov mem tes uas tau teev tseg hauv daim duab 3 ntawm Table 7 hauv SAE J2380 lossis GB/T 31467.3-2015 (raws li $X$-axis $5\\text{s}$, raws $Y$-axis $5\\text{s}$) nyob rau hauv kab rov tav ntawm $ $2\\text{h}$. | Tsis muaj dej xau, sab nrauv rupture, hluav taws kub, los yog tawg. Rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam $\\ge 100\\text{Ω}/\\text{V}$ tom qab kuaj. | |
| Crush | 1. Test Object: Battery Pack or System. 2. Crush conditions: ① Crushing surface: $12.5\text{mm}$ diameter semi-cylinder, length $>$ dav. ② Kev taw qhia: $X$-axis, $Y$-axis. ③ quab yuam: Pib $200\\text{kN}$ lossis nres ntawm $30\\%$ deformation. ④ Saib $1\\text{h}$. ⑤ Tuav rau $10\\text{min}$. | Tsis muaj hluav taws xob, hluav taws kub, lossis tawg. Rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam $\\ge 100\\text{Ω}/\\text{V}$ tom qab kuaj. Tsis muaj hluav taws kub lossis tawg (rau cov txheej txheem thib ob). | |
| Kub poob siab | 1. Test Object: Roj teeb pob lossis System. 2. Hloov kub $(-40\\pm2)\\text{degree}$, max $30\\text{min}$ ntev heev. Khaws ntawm txhua qhov siab rau $6\\text{h}$, $5$ cycles. Saib $2\\text{h}$ ntawm chav tsev kub. | Tsis muaj dej xau, sab nrauv rupture, hluav taws kub, los yog tawg. Rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam $\\ge 100\\text{Ω}/\\text{V}$ tom qab kuaj. | |
| Damp Heat Cycle | 1. Test Object: Roj teeb pob lossis System. 2. Xa mus rau GB/T 2423.4-2018 Test $Db$ damp heat cycles. Daim duab 4 hauv GB/T 31467.3-2015 ($80\\text{℃}$ max temp), $5$ cycles. Saib $2\\text{h}$ ntawm chav tsev kub. | Tsis muaj dej xau, sab nrauv rupture, hluav taws kub, los yog tawg. Rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam $\\ge 100\\text{Ω}/\\text{V}$ hauv $30\\text{min}$ tom qab kuaj. | |
| Dej hiav txwv immersion | 1. Test Object: Roj teeb pob lossis System. 2. Kev ruaj ntseg fastened nrog hlua txuas nrog, raus hauv $3.5\\%$ NaCl tov (seawater) rau $2\\text{h}$ dhau qhov kev thauj mus los. Tshem tawm ntawm daim ntawv hydraulic valve. | Tsis muaj hluav taws kub lossis tawg. | |
| Hluav taws kub sab nraud | 1. Test Object: Roj teeb pob lossis System. 2. Xa mus rau 7.10 Sab Hauv Hluav Taws Xob hauv GB/T 31467.3-2015. | Tsis muaj hluav taws kub lossis tawg. Yog tias muaj nplaim taws, yuav tsum tua tsis pub dhau $2\\text{min}$ tom qab tshem tawm qhov hluav taws kub. | |
| Ntsev Txau | 1. Test Object: Roj teeb pob lossis System. 2. Xa mus rau 7.11 Salt Spray hauv GB/T 31467.3-2015. | Tsis muaj dej xau, sab nrauv rupture, hluav taws kub, los yog tawg. | |
| Siab siab | 1. Test Object: Roj teeb pob lossis System. 2. Qhov siab $4000\\text{m}$ lossis qhov sib npaug siab, chav ntsuas kub . 3. Khaws rau $5\\text{h}$ hauv qhov ntsuas ib puag ncig ib 7.12.2 ntawm GB/T 31467.3-2015, ces tso tawm ntawm $1\\ $400\\text{A}$) los yog txiav tawm. Saib $2\\text{h}$. | Tsis muaj qhov tso tawm tam sim no kaw, qhov hluav taws xob surge los yog to, txheej casing rupture, hluav taws kub, los yog tawg. Rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam $\\ge 100\\text{Ω}/\\text{V}$ tom qab kuaj. | |
| Tshaj - tiv thaiv kub | 1. Test Object: Roj teeb System. 2. Xa mus rau 7.13 Tshaj-kub tiv thaiv hauv GB/T 31467.3-2015. | BMS yuav ua haujlwm. Tsis muaj roj to, sab nrauv rupture, hluav taws kub, los yog tawg. Rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam $\\ge 100\\text{Ω}/\\text{V}$ tom qab kuaj. | |
| Kev tiv thaiv luv luv | 1. Test Object: Roj teeb System. 2. Xa mus rau 7.14 Short Circuit Protection hauv GB/T 31467.3-2015. | Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv yuav tsum ua haujlwm. Tsis muaj dej xau, sab nrauv rupture, hluav taws kub, los yog tawg. Rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam $\\ge 100\\text{Ω}/\\text{V}$ tom qab kuaj. | |
| Kev tiv thaiv overcharge | 1. Test Object: Roj teeb System. 2. Xa mus rau 7.15 Kev Tiv Thaiv Tshaj Tawm hauv GB/T 31467.3-2015. | BMS yuav ua haujlwm. Tsis muaj roj to, sab nrauv rupture, hluav taws kub, los yog tawg. Rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam $\\ge 100\\text{Ω}/\\text{V}$ tom qab kuaj. | |
| Tshaj -Kev tiv thaiv tawm | 1. Test Object: Roj teeb System. 2. Xa mus rau 7.16 Tshaj-Kev Tiv Thaiv tawm hauv GB/T 31467.3-2015. | BMS yuav ua haujlwm. Tsis muaj roj to, sab nrauv rupture, hluav taws kub, los yog tawg. Rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam $\\ge 100\\text{Ω}/\\text{V}$ tom qab kuaj. |
Lus Cim: Table 6-2 feem ntau hais txog GB/T 31467.3-2015, GB/T 2423.43-2008, GB/T 2423.56-2018, thiab GB/T 28046.1-2011.
