Taw qhia rau Lithium{0}}ion roj teeb
Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm ntawm Lithium{0}}Ion roj teeb
Lub roj teeb lithium-ion feem ntau muaj cov electrode zoo, tsis zoo electrode, electrolyte uas ua lithium ions, thiab acaisthiab casing uas cais qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo feem ntau yog cov khoom sib txuas uas tso cai rau kev thim rov qab thiab tshem tawm ntawm lithium ions, xws li lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO₂), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn₂O₄), lossis cov ntaub ntawv ternary (LiCoₓNiᵧMn₁₋ₓ₋ᵧO₂). Cov electrolyte yog tsim los ntawm lithium ntsev (feem ntau lithium ntsev xws li LiClO₄, LiPF₆, LiBF₄, LiBOB, thiab lwm yam) yaj nyob rau hauv ib qho hnyav hnyav (feem ntau yog sib xyaw ntawm ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), PC), thiab lwm yam. carbonate. Cov khoom sib cais feem ntau yog polyolefin resin, feem ntau siv ib zaug - txheej lossis ntau- txheej polypropylene (PP) thiab polyethylene (PE) microporous membranes, xws li Celgard 2300 cais. Cov electrode tsis zoo feem ntau siv cov khoom muaj peev xwm ntawm lithium intercalation, xws li roj av coke, ntshiab graphite, thiab txheej graphite sib xyaw carbon. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv lithium{10}}ion roj teeb siv carbon (C₆) raws li qhov tsis zoo electrode thiab hloov hlau oxide LiMeO₂ raws li qhov zoo electrode yog raws li hauv qab no.
Thaum them nyiaj:
Thaum tso tawm:
Thaum them nyiaj, lithium ions raug tso tawm los ntawm qhov zoo electrode thiab tso rau hauv qhov tsis zoo electrode; Thaum tso tawm, lithium ions raug tso tawm los ntawm qhov tsis zoo electrode thiab tso rau hauv qhov zoo electrode. Hauv lwm lo lus, thaum lub sij hawm them nyiaj thiab tso tawm, lithium ions txav mus los ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes, zoo li lub rooj zaum pob zeb. Yog li ntawd, lithium - roj teeb ion tseem hu ua "roking chair batteries." Lawv txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua piv txwv los ntawm daim duab 1.1.
Nyob rau hauv ib txwm tsub zuj zuj thiab tso tawm tej yam kev mob, kev tso thiab rho tawm ntawm lithium ions ntawm txheej carbon cov ntaub ntawv thiab oxide hais los yog nruab nrab ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg nyob rau hauv lithium- ion roj teeb feem ntau tsuas yog ua rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub interlayer spacing thiab tsis ua puas lub crystal qauv. Thaum lub sij hawm them thiab tso tawm, cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov khoom zoo thiab tsis zoo electrode tseem tseem tsis tau hloov pauv. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev thim rov qab ntawm tus nqi- tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev ntxig thiab rho tawm ntawm lithium ions hauv cov khoom siv roj teeb yog cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Raws li cov yam ntxwv no, lithium - roj teeb ion yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws rau nickel-cadmium thiab nickel-hlau hydride roj teeb.
Lithium -Ion roj teeb kev faib tawm
Lithium-Ion roj teeb tuaj yeem raug cais raws li cov khoom siv cathode siv, qhov tsos thiab qhov loj me, qauv tsim ntawm tes, hom ntim, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm daim ntawv thov.
Raws li cov khoom siv cathode siv, lithium{0}} roj teeb lithium tuaj yeem muab faib ua lithium cobalt oxide roj teeb, lithium manganese oxide roj teeb, ternary lithium roj teeb, thiab lithium hlau phosphate roj teeb.
Lithium cobalt oxide roj teeb muaj qhov nominal voltage ntawm 3.7V thiab kev khiav hauj lwm voltage ntau ntawm 2.4 ~ 4.2V. Cov roj teeb lithium cobalt oxide muaj cov qauv ruaj khov, muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb, thiab kev ua tau zoo tag nrho, tab sis lawv txoj kev nyab xeeb tsis zoo thiab lawv cov nqi siab, feem ntau yog siv hauv cov hlwb me thiab nruab nrab - loj. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, siab -voltage lithium cobalt oxide cov ntaub ntawv tau raug tsim, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog siab tshaj ntawm lub roj teeb rau 4.3V lossis 4.35V, yog li txhim kho cov roj teeb muaj peev xwm thiab lub zog ceev. Tam sim no, cov roj teeb lithium cobalt oxide muaj lub zog ntim siab tshaj plaws, ncav cuag 550Wh / kg, ua rau lawv tsuas yog kev xaiv rau lub zog siab -kawg xov tooj ntawm tes thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Lithium manganese oxide (MMANO) roj teeb muaj qhov nominal voltage ntawm 3.8V thiab kev khiav hauj lwm voltage ntau ntawm 2.5V txog 4.2V. Overcharge tiv thaiv voltage yog 4.28V ± 0.025V, thiab tshaj - tawm hluav taws xob tiv thaiv yog 2.5V ± 0.1V. MMANO roj teeb muaj tsawg- nqi thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv lithium manganese oxide nws tus kheej yog qhov tsis ruaj khov thiab nws yooj yim rau decomposition, ua roj thiab o. Nws lub voj voog lub neej ploj mus sai heev, nws lub neej luv luv, thiab nws qhov siab - kub ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Nws yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv qis- nqi, nruab nrab- mus rau - loj- cov hlwb loj rau kev tsim cov roj teeb fais fab.
Ternary lithium-Ion (TLC) roj teeb muaj qhov nominal voltage ntawm 3.6V thiab kev khiav hauj lwm voltage ntau ntawm 2.75V rau 4.2V. Overcharge tiv thaiv voltage yog 4.28V ± 0.025V, thiab tshaj - tawm hluav taws xob tiv thaiv yog 2.75V ± 0.1V. TLC roj teeb muaj kev ua tau zoo tag nrho, pheej yig dua lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), thiab muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua. Lawv tuaj yeem siv tau hauv cov roj teeb hluav taws xob, thiab lawv cov khoom lag luam sib koom hauv cov khoom siv cathode yog nce xyoo los ntawm xyoo. Cov roj teeb lithium me me-ion roj teeb uas siv ternary lithium{14}} cov ntaub ntawv ion tau maj mam txais los ntawm kev ua lag luam. Cov ntaub ntawv Ternary kuj tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog lithium cobalt oxide thiab lithium manganese oxide siv rau hauv steel-cased, aluminium-cased, hnab, polymer, thiab cylindrical lithium{18}} ion roj teeb, uas tuaj yeem txo cov nqi roj teeb thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tag nrho. Tam sim no, ternary cov khoom siv roj teeb tuaj yeem ua tiav lub zog ceev ntawm 180 Wh / kg (26650 steel-cov roj teeb cased tuaj yeem ncav cuag lub peev xwm ntawm 4600 mAh / kg nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 90g), muab qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tus nqi- ua tau zoo.
Lithium hlau phosphate (LFP) roj teeb muaj qhov nominal voltage ntawm 3.2V thiab kev khiav hauj lwm voltage ntau ntawm 2.5 ~ 3.75V. Overcharge tiv thaiv voltage yog 3.75V ± 0.025V, thiab tshaj - tawm hluav taws xob tiv thaiv yog 2.5V ± 0.1V. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm LFP roj teeb yog qhov ruaj khov thiab tsis yog -decomposition ntawm cov khoom siv electrode zoo, muab kev nyab xeeb tsis sib xws piv rau lwm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo. LFP roj teeb muaj lub neej ntev, muaj ntau yam kev pab, thiab yog ib puag ncig zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj lub platform tso tawm qis thiab ua haujlwm tsis zoo - qhov kub thiab txias.
Raws li qhov pom thiab qhov loj me, lithium{0}} roj teeb ion tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov roj teeb cylindrical thiab roj teeb prismatic, thiab lwm yam.
Raws li txoj kev tsim khoom ntawm tes, lithium{0}} roj teeb ion tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov roj teeb lub cev (lub qhov txhab lub tog raj kheej thiab lub qhov txhab tiaj tus), cov roj teeb sib txuas, thiab lwm yam.
Raws li cov khoom ntim khoom, lithium{0}} roj teeb lithium tuaj yeem muab faib ua steel-cov roj teeb cased, aluminium-cased roj teeb, yas- cov roj teeb cased, mos- cov roj teeb, thiab lwm yam.
Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm daim ntawv thov, lithium - roj teeb ion tuaj yeem muab faib ua siab - roj teeb kub, qis - roj teeb kub, roj teeb fais fab, thiab roj teeb muaj peev xwm, thiab lwm yam.
Raws li lawv cov chaw siv, lithium{0}} roj teeb lithium tuaj yeem faib ua: roj teeb thaub qab, roj teeb fais fab, thiab roj teeb lub zog.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm Lithium{0}}ion roj teeb
Nws tuaj yeem hais tias txij li kev tsim lub roj teeb, tsis muaj lwm yam khoom siv roj teeb tau siv sai thiab dav li lithium -ion roj teeb. Los ntawm lub moos fais fab mov rau lub computer CPUs mus rau cov lithium loj- ion roj teeb pob siv hauv tsheb thiab submarines, qhov sib txawv muaj peev xwm ntau dua 10 lab lub sijhawm. Lawv muaj kev siv dav hauv lub neej niaj hnub, khoom siv kho mob, tsheb hluav taws xob, lub zog khaws cia lub zog, aerospace, thiab tub rog.
Tom qab ntau tshaj 10 xyoo ntawm kev nrov, lithium{1}} roj teeb lithium tau dhau los ua lub zog hluav taws xob siv dav hauv cov khoom lag luam xws li xov tooj ntawm tes thiab laptops. Vim lawv lub zog tshwj xeeb, lawv kuj tau siv dav hauv cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob, tsheb kauj vab, hluav taws xob tsheb npav, cua thiab hnub ci zog cia chaw nres tsheb, chaw nres tsheb sib txuas lus mobile, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob mining, mining cawm capsule cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov tub rog tub rog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xov tooj cua, satellite roj teeb, thiab ntau lwm yam kev siv. Raws li kev txheeb cais, xyoo 2011, kev lag luam loj ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam roj teeb lithium tau nce mus txog 39.7 billion yuan, ib xyoos - ntawm- xyoo nce ntawm 43%, thiab txhua xyoo cov roj teeb lithium tau nce mus txog 2.97 billion units, ib xyoos - ntawm- xyoo nce 28.6%. Kev lag luam roj teeb lithium tau dhau los ua kev lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam hauv teb chaws²¹.
