Amp Sijhawm rau Watt Teev: Ua kom tiav Daim Ntawv Qhia Hloov
Peb poob qhov kev cia txias AGV hauv Q3 xyoo tas los. Tus neeg siv khoom tus kws tshaj lij tau hais kom rov xam qhov tseeb Wh siv 80% DoD ntxiv rau lawv tus kheej qhov kub thiab txias. Peb tau hais ncaj qha siv cov chaw tsim khoom ntsuas 100Ah zaug 12V, thiab xaus li 15% tawm.
Honestly, kuv xav tias lawv cov kev xam tau zoo heev thaum lub sijhawm. Saib rov qab, lawv qhov kev kho qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov hnyav heev, tab sis peb twb tau poob qhov kev sib tw - sib cav qhov raug lossis tsis yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Txij thaum ntawd los, peb xav kom tag nrho cov quotes suav nrog ib daim ntawv qhia txog kev ua haujlwm, thiab nws yuav tsum mus dhau ntawm engineering ua ntej CFO kos npe tawm. Cov txheej txheem yog tedious, tab sis tsawg kawg peb yuav tsis poob deals tshaj qhov yuam kev yooj yim li ntawd dua.
Qhov kev paub no ua rau kuv paub txog qee yam: cov neeg feem coob kho Ah mus rau Wh hloov dua siab tshiab zoo li cov lej hauv tsev kawm theem nrab -Wh sib npaug Ah times V, ua tiav. Tab sis txhua tus neeg uas tau ua tiav kev yuav khoom paub tias muaj ntau qhov pitfalls zais tom qab no "cov qauv yooj yim."
Cia peb pib nrog Formula nws tus kheej
Wh=Ah × V, yog. Lub roj teeb 100Ah ntawm 12V nominal muab rau koj 1200Wh.
Tab sis qhov 12V yog qhov nominal voltage. Hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag, qhov hluav taws xob hloov pauv ntawm 10.5V thiab 14.4V. Koj siv tus lej twg?
Peb txoj hauv kev tam sim no yog siv qhov nruab nrab - tawm qhov hluav taws xob - qhov tseeb qhov hluav taws xob nyob ib puag ncig SOC. Rau LFP, peb feem ntau siv 12.8V hloov 12V, uas muab rau koj 6.7% ntau zog. Tsis zoo li ntau, tab sis hla 50 forklifts, uas yog nyiaj tiag.
Ib txoj hauv kev zoo dua yog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov paug tawm, accumulating Ah multiplied by instantaneous voltage V(t). Raws li txoj cai, qhov tseeb tshaj plaws, tab sis ncaj ncees peb tsis tshua ua qhov no hauv cov haujlwm tiag tiag -cumbersome dhau lawm, thiab tsis muaj ntau tus neeg xa khoom tuaj yeem muab cov kab nkhaus ua tiav.
Zaj Lus Qhia los ntawm Xyoo Tshiab AGV Project
Rov qab mus rau qhov uas ploj lawm. Peb ntsuas peb tus neeg xa khoom, thiab ntawm no yog qhov nws zoo li:
Tus neeg muab khoom A
Tsim tus neeg muag khoom- lead-acid, 12.0V / 100Ah hais ntawm $ 178.50 suav nrog se, 60- cov nqe lus them nqi hnub, kev xa khoom ib lub lis piam. Kev sib raug zoo, ib tug neeg hu thaum muaj tej yam tsis ncaj ncees lawm.
Tus neeg muab khoom B
Tshiab LFP tus neeg muag khoom-12.8V / 100Ah hais ntawm $ 423 suav nrog se, 30% tso nyiaj yuav tsum tau, 8 lub lis piam ua haujlwm. Kev txhawb nqa kev teb tau tsim nyog.
Tus neeg muab khoomC
Tsis tas li LFP-13.2V / 100Ah hais ntawm $ 389, kuj yuav tsum tau tso nyiaj, tab sis lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog 16 lub lis piam. Kev muag khoom tau hais tias nws tuaj yeem sib tham tau, tab sis qhov ntawd dhau los ua BS.
Saib dawb huv ntawm $/Wh:
Tus neeg muab khoom A: $178.50 ÷ 1200Wh=$0.149/Wh
Tus neeg yuav khoom B: $423 ÷ 1280Wh=$0.330/Wh
Tus neeg muag khoom C: $389 ÷ 1320Wh=$0.295/Wh
Tus neeg muag khoom C zoo li qhov zoo tshaj plaws deal, txoj cai? Tab sis peb tsis tuaj yeem tos 16 lub lis piam - qhov project ncua sij hawm txhais tau tias tsib -daim duab nplua rau ib lub lis piam. Peb tau xaus lus nrog tus neeg muab khoom B, thiab tus neeg siv khoom siv C cov ntaub ntawv los sib cav tias peb qhov loj me tsis raug.
Ob tog yeej tsis tau ua qhov yuam kev ntawm kev suav- cov kev xav txawv. Peb siv nominal voltage ntxiv rau tus qauv DoD; lawv siv ntsuas nruab nrab -point voltage ntxiv rau kev txhoj puab heev derating. Koj txawm hais li cas txog qhov no? Technically ob leeg tuaj yeem ua ncaj ncees; kev lag luam, leej twg poob txais nws.
Vim li cas kuv tam sim no tsom ntau rau Wh Than Ah
Ah muaj qhov teeb meem loj raws li kev ntsuas: nws tsis cuam tshuam lub zog, tsuas yog them nyiaj xwb.
Rau cov roj teeb txhua qhov ntsuas ntawm 100Ah:
| Hom | Nominal voltage | xam Wh | Kwv yees siv tau |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dej nyab cov hmoov lead-acid | 12.0V | 1200 | ~500-600 |
| AGM | 12.0V | 1200 | ~550-650 |
| LFP | 12.8V | 1280 | ~950-1050 |
| LFP | 13.2V | 1320 | ~1000-1100 |
Vim li cas lead-acid lub peev xwm siv tau tsawg dua ib nrab? DoD txwv rau 50%, txwv tsis pub lub neej voj voog poob qis heev. LFP tuaj yeem tso tawm rau 80% lossis txawm tias 90% thaum tswj lub neej voj voog.
Qhov sib txawv no feem ntau raug saib tsis pom thaum lub sij hawm quoting. CFO pom cov hmoov lead-acid ntawm $180 piv rau LFP ntawm $400, thiab thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog "ntau dua ob npaug ntawm tus nqi." Tab sis yog tias koj xam lub zog siv tau tiag tiag, lead-acid yog li $0.30/Wh, LFP txog $0.38/Wh- qhov sib txawv tsis yog qhov txaus ntshai. Qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv, thiab LFP yeej pheej yig dua.
Tau kawg, qhov no nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Rau ib zaug -hloov, lub teeb- lub luag haujlwm scenarios, lead-acid tiag tiag yuav yog kev lag luam ntau dua- tsis tas yuav thawb LFP.
Kub: Ib qho txawv txav ntau tus neeg tsis pom zoo
Peb muaj ib tus neeg siv khoom hauv Wisconsin ua cov saw hlau txias- lawv lub tsev khaws khoom nyob ib puag ncig 40℃F xyoo- puag ncig, poob qis dua 20℃F thaum lub caij ntuj no. Lawv tau siv AGM roj teeb ua ntej, thiab yuav tsum tau hloov lawv tom qab 14 lub hlis thaum muaj peev xwm poob qis dua 60% ntawm qhov ntsuas - siv tsis tau kiag li.
Tom qab hloov mus rau LFP, 26 lub hlis hauv tib qhov chaw thiab tseem muaj peev xwm siab dua 90%. ROI ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no zoo li zoo, tab sis kuv yuav tsum paub meej: qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws - rooj plaub- cov saw txias yog LFP qhov chaw qab zib.
Ntawm no yog kwv yees li cas qhov ntsuas kub cuam tshuam rau lub peev xwm (qhov no yog peb tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv xeem; cov tuam txhab sib txawv yuav txawv):
| LFP | AGM | |
|---|---|---|
| 77℃F / 25 degree | 100% | 100% |
| 60℃F / 15 degree | 94-97% | 85-90% |
| 40℃F / 4 degree | 85-90% | 70-80% |
| 20℃F / -7 degree | 70-78% | 55-65% |
| 0 ° F / -18 ° C | 50-60% | 35-45% |
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, thaum kub poob, qhov sib txawv ntawm ob hom roj teeb dav dav. Hauv cov ntawv thov cia txias, LFP qhov zoo dua yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Tab sis nco ntsoov- qhov no yog kev ua haujlwm tawm. Tsawg-kub them rau LFP yog lwm qhov pitfall. Kev them nqi qis dua 0℃ua rau lithium plating, thiab ntau lub tshuab BMS yuav tsuas kaw qhov kev them nyiaj. Muaj cov neeg siv tsis txaus siab txog qhov no, hais tias lub roj teeb tau tawg - nws yog qhov tseeb ntawm BMS kev tiv thaiv mechanism tshwm sim. Kev muag khoom yuav tsis proactively qhia koj qhov no.
Yuav xam TCO li cas
Kuv muaj cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ob lub nkoj sib piv. Peb tswj hwm qhov hloov pauv ntau npaum li qhov ua tau, tab sis tseem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom lag luam - coj cov ntaub ntawv raws li kev siv xwb.
Fleet A: 20 mus txog cov tsheb thauj khoom, coj-acid, 2-hloov ua haujlwm
Xyoo 1 kev saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm yog raws li cov ntaub ntawv teev sijhawm raug cai: $ 18.2K. Txij xyoo 2, tus neeg siv khoom tau hloov cov neeg cog lus, thiab peb tsuas yog muaj cov ntawv xa nyiaj tag nrho, uas yuav suav nrog lwm yam khoom- tsis raug.
Tus nqi downtime yog qhov nyuaj tshaj los xam. Peb kwv yees raws li 30 feeb ntawm ib lub roj teeb sib pauv, muab faib los ntawm tus nqi ua haujlwm ib teev. Tus naj npawb no yog conservative heev; qhov tseeb productivity cuam tshuam yog yuav ntau dua tab sis tsis tuaj yeem raug xam kom meej.
Hluav taws xob ntsuas rau Xyoo 1, kwv yees li ntawm 5% nce ntxiv rau Xyoo 2 thiab 3.
Cov duab ntxhib:
Xyoo 1: Roj teeb $ 72K + Kev Saib Xyuas ~ $ 18K + Hluav Taws Xob ~ $ 8.5K + Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm ~ $ 31K=~ $ 130K
Xyoo 2: Kev Saib Xyuas ~ $ 20K + Hluav Taws Xob ~ $ 9K + Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm ~ $ 34K=~ $ 63K
Xyoo 3: Kev hloov roj teeb $54K + Kev Saib Xyuas ~ $ 21K + Hluav Taws Xob ~ $ 9.5K + Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm ~ $ 37K=~ $ 122K
Peb-xyoo tag nrho nyob ib ncig ntawm $315K, tsis suav cov roj teeb chav HVAC thiab cov nqi hauv pem teb.
Fleet B: 20 mus txog cov tsheb thauj khoom, LFP, 2-ua haujlwm ua haujlwm
Xyoo 1 pib nqis peev $168K, tom qab ntawd pib tsuas yog kev saib xyuas thiab hluav taws xob tsawg.
Xyoo 1: Roj teeb $ 168K + Kev Saib Xyuas ~ $ 2.5K + Hluav Taws Xob ~ $ 6K=~ $ 177K
Xyoo 2: Kev Saib Xyuas ~ $ 2.5K + Hluav Taws Xob ~ $ 6K=~ $ 8.5K
Xyoo 3: Kev Saib Xyuas ~ $ 2.5K + Hluav Taws Xob ~ $ 6.5K=~ $ 9K
Peb- xyoo tag nrho nyob ib ncig ntawm $195K.
Txuag txog $ 120K, kev sib tw ntawm lub hlis 14 thiab 16, nyob ntawm seb koj xam cov nqi poob qis li cas.
Fleet B yog tam sim no ntawm 38 lub hlis thiab tseem nyob ib puag ncig 87% muaj peev xwm. Raws li qhov kev nkhaus degradation no, lwm 3 xyoos yuav tsum tsis muaj teeb meem. Fleet A twb dhau los ntawm ib lub voj voog hloov roj teeb thiab tab tom xav tau lwm qhov.
Capacity Sizing Pitfalls
Kuv tau pom ntau tus neeg yuav khoom oversize roj teeb rau "kev nyab xeeb." 100Ah yuav txaus tab sis lawv yuav 200Ah. Kev nkag siab lub siab, tab sis txoj hauv kev no muaj teeb meem nrog LFP.
LFP tsis nyiam nyob hauv siab SOC ntev -lub sijhawm. Peb muaj ib tug neeg uas oversized los ntawm 40%, xav tias nws yog conservative. Ob xyoos tom qab, lawv lub peev xwm tuav tau yog qhov phem dua li cov roj teeb uas ib txwm muaj. Kev tshuaj xyuas BMS cov cav tau pom tias cov roj teeb tsis tu ncua siab dua 75% SOC, tsis tshua muaj qhov tob - tawm.
Cells ntab ntawm qhov hluav taws xob siab ntev - lub sij hawm ua tau nrawm rau hnub nyoog laus.
Peb lub hauv paus ntsiab lus sizing tam sim no: ua hauj lwm rov qab los ntawm 70-80% DoD nyob rau hauv qhov phem tshaj - cov xwm txheej. 15-20% cov npoo yog txaus-tsis txhob greedy.
Nov yog yuav suav li cas (siv qhov project tiag tiag li piv txwv):
- Ua ntej, txiav txim siab xav tau lub zog. Hais tias cov cuab yeej khiav tsis tu ncua ntawm 500W rau 6 teev -uas yog 3000Wh raw yuav tsum tau.
- Ces ntxiv derating. Sab hauv, peb siv 0.65 yam rau cov ntawv thov hauv tsev, npog qhov kub, C- tus nqi, kev laus, thiab lwm yam. Rau qhov txias cia, peb siv 0.55.3000Wh ÷ 0.65=4615Wh
- Ntxiv cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm 15%.4615Wh ÷ 0.85=5430Wh
- Ntawm 12.8V nominal: 5430 ÷ 12.8=424Ah.
Yog li spec- ntse, xaiv 450Ah lossis 500Ah teeb tsa.
Txoj kev no yuav tsis haum txhua qhov xwm txheej, tab sis nws muaj kev ntseeg siab dua li qhov ntsuas ncaj qha los ntawm cov nqi ntsuas.
Peukert Effect
Kuv tsis tau sau nqe lus no vim nws muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg rau LFP, tab sis txij li qhov no yog ib daim ntawv qhia tiav, tsim nyog hais.
Lead-acid roj teeb qhia tau tias muaj peev xwm txo qis ntawm C- tus nqi siab - qhov no hu ua Peukert effect. Lub 100Ah AGM roj teeb tawm ntawm 1C (100A) tsuas yog xa 55-60Ah. Tus tsim cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv yog raws li C / 20 lossis C / 10 kuaj, deb ntawm kev siv tiag tiag.
LFP's Peukert exponent yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 1.02-1.05, qhov tseem ceeb tsis txaus ntseeg. Txawm hais tias koj tso tawm ntawm 0.5C lossis 1C, lub peev xwm sib txawv tsuas yog ob peb feem pua.
Yog li yog tias koj daim ntawv thov cuam tshuam nrog siab -tam sim no tawg- AGV acceleration, forklift lifting, thiab lwm yam. yam koj tau txais yog nyob ntawm lub luag haujlwm lub voj voog. LFP qhov ntsuas muaj peev xwm kuj txhim khu kev qha.
Dab tsi los saib nrog cov neeg muab khoom
Kuv yuav tsis pom zoo lossis badmouth ib tus neeg muab khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm no. Txhua tus muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, thiab peb daim ntawv thov scenarios yuav tsis siv rau koj li.
Tab sis muaj ob peb yam kuv tuaj yeem qhia:
- Rau cov chaw muag khoom roj teeb ntawm lub khw tam sim no, cov hlwb los ntawm tsuas yog ob peb qhov chaw. CATL, BYD, GOTION, EVE- cov neeg ua si saum toj kawg nkaus no suav rau feem ntau ntawm kev ua lag luam. Yog li feem ntau koj tsis sib piv ntawm tes zoo tab sis BMS tsim thiab pob kev sib koom ua ke muaj peev xwm.
- Thaum nug cov neeg muag khoom rau kev tawm nkhaus, thov tsawg kawg peb: 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C. Ntau tus neeg muag khoom me me tsis tuaj yeem tsim lawv, lossis muab cov kab kos rau koj pom tseeb tau theej los ntawm lwm tus. Cov neeg muag khoom loj dua feem ntau yuav nug txog koj daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb ua ntej, tom qab ntawd muab cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas tsom.
- Kev muag khoom tsis tuaj yeem teb cov lus nug ntawm qhov chaw tsis txhais tau ntau. Dab tsi tseem ceeb yog seb koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv siv tau li ntawm 72 teev. Tus chij liab tiag tiag yog xov tooj cua ntsiag to tom qab nug, lossis tau txais ib pawg ntawm cov khoom lag luam generic.
- Nyeem cov nqe lus lav kom zoo. Ntau tus neeg muag khoom sau "10 xyoo lossis 4000 lub voj voog," tab sis cov ntawv luam zoo muaj kev txwv dhau los uas yuav raug ntaus ntawm 6 xyoo. Qee qhov txhais cov voj voog nyob rau hauv txoj kev tsis txaus ntseeg-10% DoD thiab 90% DoD suav tias yog tib lub voj voog-ua kom muaj kev lav phib xaub tsis muaj nqis.
- UL 9540A cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas cua sov khiav tawm -LFP cov neeg muag khoom raug cai yuav tsum muaj. Cov neeg uas tsis kam lees thiab hais tias "peb tuaj yeem npaj sim" txawm tias tsis tau sim lossis sim nrog cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo.
Kev xav zaum kawg
Ah rau Wh conversion nws tus kheej tsis nyuaj. Dab tsi yog qhov nyuaj yog paub tus lej siv thiab txhais cov txiaj ntsig li cas.
Spec daim ntawv xov tooj yog qhov pib, tsis yog cov lus teb. Cov roj teeb txhua qhov ntsuas ntawm 100Ah tuaj yeem xa tawm ntau lub zog sib txawv raws li qhov sib txawv voltages, chemistry, thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Cov pitfalls peb tau ntsib yog qhov tseem ceeb tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no. Txhua qhov project txawv, thiab cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb xav tau kev tshuaj xyuas tshwj xeeb. Xav tias dawb nrhiav kuv ntawm LinkedIn los tham txog cov lus nug zoo sib xws - tej zaum yuav tsis muaj tag nrho cov lus teb, tab sis zoo siab los qhia qee qhov kev xav.
